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Richard fitz Gilbert
Richard fitz Gilbert (bef. 1035–), was a Norman lord who participated in the Norman conquest of England in 1066, and was styled "de Bienfaite", "de Clare", and of "Tonbridge"〔(Domesday Map website - image of Betchworth's entry and transcription in summary ) retrieved 2012-10-30 Normally de Tonebridge in Surrey〕 from his holdings.〔G. E. Cokayne, ''The Complete Peerage'', Vol. III (The St. Catherine Press, London, 1913), p. 242〕〔Detlev Schwennicke, ''Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten'', Band III Teilband 1 (Marburg, Germany: J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafel 156〕
==Biography==
He was the son of Gilbert, Count of Brionne in Normandy.〔 Gilbert was a guardian of the young duke William and when he was killed by Ralph de Wacy in 1040, his two older sons Richard and Gilbert fled to Flanders.〔J.H. Round, 'The Family of Clare', ''The Archaeological Journal'', Vol. 56 2nd series Vol 6 (1899), p. 224〕 On his later return to Normandy Richard was rewarded with the lordship of Bienfaite and Orbec in Normandy.〔 In 1066, Richard came into England with his kinsman William the Conqueror, and received from him great advancement in honour and possessions.〔
The ''Dictionary of National Biography'' and other sources are vague and sometimes contradictory about when the name de Clare came into common usage, but what we do know is that Richard fitz Gilbert (of Tonbridge), the earliest identifiable progenitor of the family, is once referred to as Richard of Clare in the Suffolk return of the Domesday Book.〔The Suffolk return of the Domesday Survey (c. 1086) (ed. A. Rumble, Suffolk, 2 vols (Chichester, 1986), 67 ~ 1)〕
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